Saturday 13 February 2021

When would there be a UN Human Rights Commissioner In Geneva fair and objective,able to separate facts from fiction to give Sri Lanka the recognition it deserves. Part Three

 



In September  1973 a Military Coup  helped by the USA against Salvador Allende, President of Chili in which he died, and  the suffering of the people that followed  cannot be understood by any one, other than those who went through it. 


So it is with Sri Lanka,  no one can understand the suffering  the people went through under a ruthless terrorism for 30 years. In Sri Lanka  the Armed Forces were only doing its duty to protect the country and the people from an enemy who was aiming to brutalise the people to finally divide the country territorially.


This Her Excellency the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet will agree with if she were to take an unbiased objective look at the  situation Sri Lanka was facing at the time. 


Mme Bachelet, no one can understand the Mental Situation of His Excellency Salvador  Allende the President of Chili, when Palais de la Moneda was surrounded in an  Army Coup  led by Pinochet supported by the USA. Was Salvador Allande  assassinated or did he commlit suicide shooting himself with the gun his friend Fidel Castro had presented to him ?


President Salvador Aillende’s suffering ended with his death , but that of the Chilean people only began after his death.


Chilean People- men and women were arrested and  imprisoned according to the whim and fancy of the armed forces. They were being questioned and tortured for days. All typpes of gruesome methods of torture were invented and used against the people.


One torture method, which was very commonly used, was the "grill" or "La Parrilla." In this torture, electricity was fed from a standard wall outlet through a control box into two wires each terminating in electrodes…... The naked prisoner was stretched out and strapped onto a metal bed frame, or a set of bedsprings, and tied down. He or she was subjected to electrical shocks on several parts of the body, especially on sensitive areas like the genitals and on open wounds. (The Valech Report )


 Villa Grimaldi, located in Santiago, was DINA’s (Office of the National Intelligence) most important torture center that began operating in 1974. Prisoners were interrogated for long periods of time. Once people were incarcerated on a massive scale, new places were reconditioned to hold them. The "tower" was designated as a holding center for political prisoners. There was a water tank on the top floor of the building, which included ten tight spaces where prisoners were held. These spaces were so small that victims had to enter them by crawling on their knees. The tower also included a torture chamber, where prisoners were kept in isolation. Many of them were never seen again. Food was scarce and the conditions were extremely unsanitary.


President Aillende was being accused by his enemies as a dictator, and thus  prepared the ground for a  Military take over of Chili.


The above facts  were given to  remind  the UN Commissioner for Human Rights, what had gone  in her own country  to  make her understand how difficult it is to make outsiders understand the genuine intention of an Armed Force of a country which is people friendly, and was doing its best to save the Tami civilians from a group of  ruthless terrorists who were unconcerned about the suffering of the people;  but only interested to set up a separate Tamil State in the North and East of this little Island.


The Sri Lanka Armed Forces never tortured the terrorists or the civilians, because such cruelty is  not in their nature. But the terrorist  caught the  soldiers and policemen who strayed into areas under their control and tortured them.


The terrorists were determined to carry on its perilous intentions careless of the suffering of the  innocent Tamil civilians  consisting of young and old men, women and children, who  were forcibly kept as a human shield to protect themselves from probable attacks by the Government armed forces.


However, the Armed Forces despite risking the lives of its soldiers were intent on saving the innocent Tamil people being kept by the terrorist as a human shield.


At a given moment before the final assault against the terrorists the Armed Forces decided to evacuate the Tamil Civilians serving as a human shield for the terrorists. The Armed Forces  risked their lives in a  most daring rescue operation perhaps carried out for the first time by any Armed Force in the World,  bringing away to safety 292,000 Tamil civilians  held by the terrorists as a human shield.


This episode of the evacuation of 292,000 Tamil Civilians by the SrI Lanka Armed Forces has not been mentioned by the  Tamil diaspora,  nor have the UNHuman Rights Commissioners have mentioned it  in their reports. The Tamil civilians are still not allowed to speak freely of the kindness , friendly and human treatment they received from the Soldiers and the Officers of the Sri Lanka Government Armed Forces. 


The damning annual report that is presented at the UNHR Council Session in Geneva is  an accusation of the Sri lanka Armed Forces,  all blame and damnation heaped on it,  as the Armed Forces carried out a  war against ordinary Tamil people,  as if the existence of terrorism in Sri Lanka was mere  imagination, and the claimed 30 years of suffering of the people of Sri Lanka under terrorism was hallucination. 


To write such a report, white washing the terrorists clean,  putting all the blame on the Sri Lanka Armed Forces, those in the Office of the UNHuman Rights Commission who wrote the report,  may have perhaps been generously compensated by the Tamil diaspora that gather in great numbers during the UNHR Council Sessions in Geneva,  shouting slogans,  condemning the Government and the Armed Forces of Sri Lanka. These Diaspora personnel have easy access to the UN Human Rights Council in  Geneva, as they have access to the UK Parliament where they even have the meetings and celebrations in it. That is how close the Tamil terrorist lobby is to the West and UK.


Therefore, Mme Michelle Bachalet  considering the experience you have as a politician , your socialist background, and the suffering you yourself went through under a dictatorship in your homeland,  it is important you read the  Maxwell Paranagama Report presented to the UNHR Council by the Government of Sri Lanka,  and revisit  the report prepared by your Office before it is presented at the Geneva Session. You may perhaps make a more progressive move Mme Bachelet, by consulting the Government of Sri Lanka before the Report is presented to the UNHRCouncil Session in Geneva.


For the Sri Lankans Madam Bachelet,  the Officers of the Army, Navy and  Air Force,  Soldiers of the Army, sailors of the Navy, the men of the Air Force,  some of those who gave their lives; others who gave their limbs and still live,  are all their heroes, who saved them from a probable atrocious death under  terrorism,  gave them peace, and provided them security.  


Therefore, they are happy to see army personnel occupying responsible posts in the administration of the government , because they can trust them and the soldiers are there to help them whenever  they are faced with natural disasters. The Armed Forces gave them  peace and security, now they assure their protection. The people of Sri Lanka do not consider having them working in government administration a militarisation. The Armed Forces are actively helping the people  in the pandemic. For the people of Sri Lanka the Tri Armed Forces are a source of strength. 


The people are happy to have their war heroes taking responsibility in the administration of the country, their country whichthey saved from its enemies. 


The British were  said to have been  Gentlemen. But that was a long time ago. When the US wanted to declare war against Iraq, Tony  Blair the Prime Minister of the UK prepared a false document to say that   Iraq was producing Weapons of Mass destruction. The USA declared war against Iraq  on Tony Blair's false report. Iraq was bombed, turned to rubble.  American and  British Forces occupied Iraq and searched, but  they found no weapons of Mass destruction anywhere in Iraq. 

Now it is this  Britain that is leading the Core Group. 


It is not surprising that the UK has announced that it, along with Germany, Canada Macedonia and Montenegro, is   forming a Core Group to present another resolution to replace the US Resolution 30/1 from which Sri Lanka withdrew its  sponsorship. Now a Core Group with bloody hands.  The UK which has committed violation of human rights throughout its imperial past  massacred people in some areas in Sri Lanka  killing all males above 18 years, and burnt villages. It had been so even in other countries it colonised including in India. Canada continues to violate human rights of its own first citizens, the native Indians, kept strictly  in reservations meant for them . Germany we do not know why it joined the Core Group unless it wants to own Naazi  Holocaust. Macedonia and Montenegro are like puppies running after adopted masters.


Yasmina Sooka who was one of the three member Darusman Committee that wrote the false Darusman Report, keeps yelling accusations against the Officers of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces each time  they are offered a responsible position in the Government,  is probably paid by the Tamil Diaspora and now doing it for a living.


The Armed Forces of Sri Lanka cannot be compared to any other armed force of the world. The equipment our Armed Forces  have is only that required to protect the country and its people. To help the people  in any natural calamities the country may face such as floods, a tsunami; a pandemic like the Covid-19, or other unforeseen situations. We have no material for heavy bombardment or equipment for  toture chambers. Our Armed Forces serve as a peacetime Army constructing  Temples, reconstructing  ancient places of worship which are our National Heritage, Churches or homes damaged in wind and flood. Even help in emergency construction of roads, hospitals and buildings of utility value. They even engage in farming,  hoteliary,  or  special transport services using boats.



The retired Army Officers with special training  in Administrations are appointed where their experience could be made use of elsewhere.  This is useful to  a developing country such as ours as frugal use of the economy is a need.


The members of our Armed Forces consist mainly of Buddhists, who are kind and serviceable. Those of other religions are reliable and religious.


Therefore the men of our armed forces should not be seen as undesirables, but as respectable persons worthy of serving  Sri Lanka  which is their country,  or if needed serve in any country in the world which requires  honourable men of good moral conduct. 


It is only the Tamil diaspora abroad, the Tamil politicians who represented the terrorists in Sri Lanka Parliament, acted as a voice of the terrorists, who still lead the Tamil political groups to setup a separate Tamil State,  that carry damaging false propaganda  against the Armed Forces and retired members of the Armed Forces who now help in administration.  


It is the  USA  that helped in the Chili army coup against the Government of Salvadore Aillande, which  leads the western countries such as the UK led Core Group against Sri Lanka. It is  supported by  the Tamil Diaspora and the local  Tamil politicians. It is they who are behind these accusations which you have supported in your report to be presented at the next UN High Commissioners Human Rights Council Sessions in Geneva. 


Madam Michelle Bachelet as a Socialiist yourself,  and twice the President of Chili,  in view of what has been written above,  it is necessary that you revisit your report, and  perhaps consult the Government of Sri Lanka before you present your greatly exaggerated report  to  the Council Session in March,2021.


The END


Thursday 11 February 2021

When would there be a UN Human Rights Commissioner In Geneva fair and objective,able to separate facts from fiction to give Sri Lanka the recognition it deserves. Part Two

Both the UN High Commissioners for Human Rights  Louise Arbour and Navi Pillai were Judges  with a legal background  therefore whatever sentiments they have towards the Tamil as voters in Canada or as being racial equals in the latter case of Navi Pillai,  they should have viewed the situation in Sri Lanka during the military offencive against terrorism, more objectively without being biased.   But they failed in that, and the result is more and more aggressive and damaging reports against the Government of Sri Lanka being produced for each  Geneva UN Human Rights Council Sessions every year.


It is almost as if the UN Human Rights Commission exists only to produce a report on the Sri Lanka government Armed Force, as it  is the only Armed Force which  has committed violation against human rights in a terrorist war. 


The worst of it is that all those reports of UN High Commissioners for Human Rights  are produced to satisfy the Tamil diaspora and to accuse  the Government of Sri Lanka and its Armed  Forces. No accusations have been levelled against the terrorists for the atrocities committed by them. Not only the UNHigh Commissioner, but also those member states that present resolutions against the Government and its Armed Forcesand,  those member states that vote against the  Government of Sri lanka supporting those resolutions by USA etc.,  are doing wrong acting insensitive to the suffering that people of Sri Lanka went through 30 long years  subjected to live in constant fear  of unknown forms of terrorist attacks resulting in horrible deaths and mutilation. 


Terrorism in Sri Lanka created fear, damage, and untold human suffering amoung its people, It is unfortunate that these people in Western countries or others do not try to understand  the  terrible fear in which the people lived under terrorism. Both parents from the same  home did not take the same transport any time so that if one would be killed in a terrorist attack , the other would survive  to look after the children


Zaid Raad Al-Hussein  was the next  UNHigh Commissioner for Human Rights  from 2014 to 2018. He was a Prince and a Diplomat and he had no special connection to the Tamil Community  like Louise Arbour or Navi Pillai.  But he did his job as the previous UN High Commissioners for Human Rights  bringing out an equally repressive strongly worded report against the Government of  Sri Lanka and its Armed Forces. These reports were of course prepared by the Office of the UN Human Rights Commission. Probably a copy and paste document  with additional material each time  to make it worse than the previous. 


The false Darusmn  report is still the basic document on which the Office of the UNHRC prepares the “damning” report on Sri Lanka.. The Government of Sri Lanka had submitted a more reliable report- The Paranagama  Commission Report,  prepared by a Commission Led by a retired Judge Maxwell Paranagama appointed by the Government to Investigate into missing Persons. But unfortunately it had not been read  by the UNHCHR Zeid Ra'ad Al-Hussein.


If he had read it he would have had second thoughts about relying on the Darusman Report to accuse Sri Lanka and its  Armed Forces for violation of Human Rights.The Paranagama Commission report had challenged the Darusman report and stated that the number of civilians that may have died at the last phase of the military operations is definitely  not  40000 civilians, but 7721 civilian. 


As a Diplomat  and a Prince Zeid Ra'ad Al-Zeid  having no interest either in the terrorists or the Tamil Diaspora  unlike the previous  UN High Commissioners Louise Arbour and Navi Pillai, he should have atleast consulted the Government of Sri Lanka on the Report he was to present at the Geneva HR Council Sessions. But unfortunately it  is not the way these High Commissioners set about doing the work, though that seems more fair and reasonable.


Mme Michelle Bachelet New UN High Commissioner for Human Rights  


This time the UN Human Rights Council Sessions in Geneva begins with a new Government in Sri Lanka and a new UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Mme Michelle Bachelet. Perhaps we could expect  from her a different approach to Sri Lanka which had unfortunately  eliminated terrorism in its own territory  and earned the wrath of the West  just for that, and now being accused regularly at each UN HR Council Sessions in Geneva for violation of human rights in the course of elimination of terrorism. 


We could expect a different approach by the UN High Commissioner Michelle Bachalet  because unlike the Previous UN High Commissioners for Human Rights  she  has more political experience having been a member of the Party Socialist of Chili and Twice the  President of Chili. While the people of Sri Lanka went through  thirty years of  bitter suffering under a  ruthless terrorism,   Mme Bachelet has  the memories of the difficult times  Chili went through  under the Dictator Pinochet and his military rule, and the sad memories of her Father Alberto Bachelet who worked for Salvador Allande and later imprisoned and tortured by the Dictator. She is also aware that Slvadore Allende we all respect and honour was killed by the CIA.


But can we expect Mme Michelle Bachelet not to rely on a report prepared by some members of her Office and put before her for her signature,  or will she look at the situation differently by getting herself informed both about terrorists, and the Government of Sri Lanka. And how the  Armed Forces of the Government  fought the war against terrorism, by reading the Darusman Report and  also the reports submitted by the Government-Paranagama Commission Report, because there are two sides to a “story” she should know before accusing any one of the parties ? 


The present  report on Sri Lanka she is to present at the next UNHRCouncil Session is devastating.   But do those who accuse the Sri Lanka Armed Forces know what the Armed Forces  went through in eliminating  a ruthless terrorism,  to bring peace and security to the people of all Communities in  Sri Lanka,  to allow them to live normal lives ? 


The report put before her may have  been written perhaps by the same person or the group of them in the Office of the Human Rights Council in Geneva, who also prepared the previous reports, for Mme Louise Arbour, Navi Pillai. and  Prince Zeid Ra'ad Al-Hussein 


To write such a report against  the Armed Forces of Sri Lanka one should have  personal direct experience of the inhuman  unkindest  criminal actions of the Armed Forces of  Sri Lanka, if there had been any.  One cannot imagine  such an Armed Force to have built such hatred to civilians,   merely by reading the  false Darusman report. There must be something wrong with those in the Office of the UNHRCouncil to write  such a report without getting to know bothe the terrorist side of the story  and that of the  Armed Forces.


The Sri Lanka Armed Forces are not as the UNHRC portrays it in the report she is to present.. The Children of the  Tamil civilians in the North of Sri Lanka were forcibly taken away from the families by the terrorists  to be  child soldiers. Poor Tamil men, women and children were herded away like cattle to be kept as human shields  among guns and  cannons of the terrorists. They lived  in utter  misery,  under unimaginable  sanitary conditions, in fear of death in some form or another at any time.


 It was almost towards the end of the war against terrorism.  A sudden move against the terrorists by the armed forces or a firing against Armed forces by the terrorists would have resulted in the death of many of these Tamil civilians held by the terrorists as human shields. The armed forces were aware of this. The Soldiers  are also human beings, who had nothing against the Tamil civilians.  Therefore the Armed Forces had to move cautiously, in order  not to put the lives  of the Tamil civilians in danger, hence  they carried small arms.


Contrary to what the Tamil diaspora, and the report writers of the Office of the  UN Human Rights Council make out, the Armed Forces of Sri Lanka was a humanitarian Armed Force fighting against terrorists .  At a given moment before the final assault against the terrorists the Armed Forces decided to evacuate the Tamil Civilians serving as a human shield for the terrorists. And  the Armed Forces  risked their lives in a  most daring rescue operation perhaps carried out for the first time by an Armed Force in the World,  bringing away to safety 295,000 Tamil civilians  held by the terrorists as a human shield.


When would there be a UN Human Rights Commissioner In Geneva fair and objective,able to separate facts from fiction to give Sri Lanka the recognition it deserves. Part One

 UNO has failed in the mission expected of it,  by those who originally set it up as an International Organisation after the bitter experience of the World Wars.  UNO was expected to be  independent, strictly above any influence by any one of its member states or another, to maintain peace in the world and avoid conflicts amoung Nations. 


Though UNO was seen to be losing its independence for some time, it  became  evident  since Ban Ki Moon became its  Secretary General.  Since then UNO is a  powerless institution, unable  to protect its member Sovereign States from being subjected to  undue interference by bigger Member States, while others were used as  tools of the economical heavy weights of the West.  


The USA waged war against Iraq and ended up hanging its President Sadam Hussain  despite the UNO. Libya was incessantly bombed and its Leader Colonel Gaddafi was hunted like a criminal and assassinated. But these “International outlaws”  with their military power have become today's defenders of human rights. 


The USA punished countries by  declaring trade sanctions ,without any consultations with the UNO. Half a million children died as a result in Iraq. When the then US  Secretary of State Madeleine Albright was asked Whether the sacrifice was worth it she said, the choice was difficult but the sacrifice was worth it. That is the mentality of these defenders of human rights presenting themselves at the UNHuman Rights Council Sessions in Geneva to accuse Sri Lanka for violation of human rights.


The USA carried out violations of human rights everywhere in the world,  in Guantanamo, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Libya. But the USA never came before the  UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, accused for  its crimes committed against humanity. Therefore the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights  should be ashamed  of accusing Sri Lanka for violation of human rights based on a report-Darusman Report,  which has no right to be presented as an official Document.  


It is with this background  that the credibility of the UN Human Rights Commissioner, and  the UN Human Rights Commission should be evaluated.  In reality the UN HRC in Geneva has lost its credibility as a Sister Organisation of UNO to the extent one does not know who really runs it. The last President of the USA Mr. Donal Trump called it a cesspit. But the USA cannot go behind the fact that it was they who made that of it. 


But from the gathering of large numbers of  the Tamil Diaspora in Geneva during the UN Human Rights Council Sessions and the main subject taken for discussion being Sri Lanka, it appears as if the  whole UNHRCouncil Session in Geneva is organised for the Tamil Diaspora.  Behind all this there is surely a  greater role being played out by those interested for political leadership of the world.


But normally the role of the UNHRCommission  in Geneva is to settle problems without harassment of Sovereign States,  being careful not to put  minority Communities against the majority Community in any one Sovereign State. But it is the just the opposite that is taking place. 


Sri Lanka and the successive  High Commissioners for Human Rights of UN in Geneva.


 Sri Lanka had no problem with the UNHCHR in Geneva when the people of the three Communities- the Sinhla, Tamil and Muslim  of Sri Lanka were  suffering for 30 years under a ruthless terrorism commenced by a group of Tamil Youth. The terrorists  massacred men women and children, sliced open the stomachs of pregnant women, snached children from the arms of mothers and smashed them on the ground, set claymore  bombs  in buses and marketplaces killing many innocent people, stopped a bus carrying a group of young Buddhist monks  and massacred all of them. On a full moon day when the Buddhists pilgrims were making their prayer at the Sacred Bo tree the terrorists attacked them killing them all, the terrorists bombed the most sacred Temple of the Tooth.


The Tamils who had migrated to Western Countries-USA, Canada,UK,Netherlands, France collected funds for the terrorist war in Sri Lanka and bought arms and ammunition. The Tamil diaspora as they were called  forming a considerable voting  population in those respective countries became the Tamil terrorist lobby able to influence the  politicians of those countries, putting them against the Government of Sri Lanka.   


It's the Tamil terrorist Lobby that changed the  Western political attitude towards Sri Lanka,  the UN and the UN High Commissioners for Human Rights followed suit taking a sympathetic view of terrorism in Sri Lanka;  who they interpreted were in fact  not their terrorists but terrorists of Sri Lanka !!!. 


 Louise Arbour, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 2004 to 2008 was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Canada. There was a significant number of  Tamil voters  in Canada who formed  a strong  Tamil terrorist lobby,  working for the terrorists. Hence we had the  UN Commissioner for Human Rights in Geneva showing sympathy towards  the terrorists, and  against the Government of Sri Lanka.  She preferred to hear what the Tamil terrorist  lobby had to say rather than listen to the Government of Sri Lanka,   which for her was the aggressor violating the human rights of the Tamil terrorists and the Tamils.


The worst situation arose with the new UN High Commissioner for Human Rights  who followed Louise Arbour.  She was Navi Pillai- 2008 to 2014,  a  Judge of the High Court of South Africa. She was a Tamil  like the terrorists.  In South Africa; as a  Tamil, she was a victim of apartheid. Therefore, she was sympathetic towards the Tamil terrorists in Sri, Lanka. She may have thought the Sinhala Government of Sri Lanka was like the apartheid regime of South Afrika. She took every action possible to help the terrorists. What better way could be there than to accuse the Armed Forces readying  to eliminate  terrorism in Sri Lanka for violation of human rights and for war crimes in addition.  


In UNHCHR Navi Pillai”s search for some  material to take the heat away from the terrorists  and turn tables on the Armed Forces of Sri lanka,  Ban Ki Moon the Secretary General of UN handed over to her the strictly private report which he had got a committee  he had appointed  with  Darusman as its head to prepare on terrorism in Sri Lanka for his private information. It was a report prepared at the UN Head Quarters collecting information through emails, telephone messages and such other unreliable sources. It was  an imagined story of what may  probably be going on in Sri Lanka  during  the military operations against terrorism. 


However, this was a”god sent” to Navi Pillai who immediately made it an “official document”. Its non validity as a legal or official document is evident from the stipulation in it that the names of those who provided evidence to prepare the report should not be revealed for 20 years and that the evidence cannot be challenged. No sane person could normally make such a document official. But Navi Pillai in her search to  clear the terrorists,  and accuse the Armed Forces would stop at nothing. It is this bogus ad hoc report that states during the last phase of the war 40,000 civilians were killed by the Armed Forces.  


This was an unbelievable statement that was repeated by Navi Pillai and shamelessly repeated  by the UN Highcommissioner for Human Right who followed Navi Pillai, Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein. Not only was it produced as an official document  but was handed over to a British TV Channel  which  even produced a film  with it giving wide publicity to a completely false story of  war against terrorism in Sri Lanka based on the Darusman Report,  showing  film footage of how the Armed Forces of the Government were  treating the war prisoners, and how civilians have been killed in large numbers  

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On this false propaganda being carried out  against the Government Armed Forces,  the respected British Parliamentarian Lord Naseby vehemently disagreed with the claims set forth in the Darusman Report. He maintained there was no governmental intent to kill Tamil civilians and disputed the estimate of 40,000 civilian deaths in the Report.

And he provided evidence supporting his position: an unpublished report from the United Nations Country Team,  and dispatches from the British Defence attaché at the time, Lieutenant Colonel Anton Gash;  which stated that from August 2008 up to 13 May 2009, the number of civilians killed was 7,721. The war ended six days later, so it cannot possibly have got up to 40,000.
He added that Gordon Weiss, the former UN Spokesman, estimated 7,000 civilian deaths in 2009, a number which aligns with that concluded by the Sri Lankan government’s census department, as well as the estimates of then-US Ambassador Blake and UK Major General John Holmes.

Sri Lanka Armed Forces are a well disciplined dedicated Force, which  went to fight against terrorism and not against Tamil Civilians. On this Lord Neseby has asserted :  that “above all, all the people I have cited state that there was no policy to kill civilians—in fact, the opposite.”

To this end, he explained the process he went through to attain dispatches sent during the last few months of the war from British Defence attaché, Lieutenant Colonel Anton Gash, who Naseby claimed said to him in January 2009 that “he was surprised at the controlled discipline and success of the Sri Lankan Army and in particular the care that it was taking to encourage civilians to escape and how well they were looked after, and that certainly there was no policy to kill civilians